BTEC BUSINESS LEVEL 2 UNIT 11 P1-P5 Essay

Businesses that are well known for providing superb customer service have several characteristics in common: they understand what customer service really means they understand their customers and aim to fulfil their needs in every way every single person in the organisation wants to achieve this aim. Customer service is the customer’s complete experience, from the second they enter a business or view a website, to the after-sales service, such as spare parts or repairs. Superb customer service means providing services that customers did not even know they wanted, but are delighted to find are provided. Identifying Customer Needs Effective customer service involves satisfying customer needs, so the first step is to find out what these are. All customers contact a business because they want something. Businesses use several methods to identify the needs of their customers quickly. E.g. restaurants, supermarkets, Argos, Thomas Cook how do you think Chelsea FC identify the needs of their customers? Common customer needs: Make a purchase Order a product or service Obtain information Ask for advice Enquire about an order Change an order Report a problem Ask for assistance or help Return or exchange goods Complain Presentation Skills What do other people see when you approach them? Someone who looks smart and professional, or someone who looks like they fell out of bed 10 minutes ago? Presentation skills have nothing to do with good looks, but everything to do with a welcoming smile, appropriate clothes and a smart appearance. Personal presentation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ uniforms, guides on hairstyles, jewellery, discrimination Body language  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ posture, facial expressions, gestures working environment  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ tidy work area, cooperation and politeness towards staff Interpersonal Skills These relate to your attitude and behaviour towards other people. Attitude –  Be positive, leave problems behind Behaviour –  Courteous, respectful, honesty, thoughtful First impressions and greetings –  Nice reception areas, formal and polite greetings Interpersonal skills –  Listening carefully, note taking, asking questions,  positive  responses, courtesy, concern, confidence, interest, thoughtfulness, respect, tact, efficiency Responding to customer behaviour –  Watch customer body language, listen for their mood, choose words and timing carefully, see the whole picture Communication Skills You need to speak to your customers and how you do this is important. You must take into consideration: Tone of voice – The way in which you say something, expressing yourself when you speak Pitch – The sound that you make when you speak, high/low, loud/quiet Language – Use appropriate language, avoid slang and jargon Pace – The speed at which you speak, speak slowly and clearly Listening skills – Active listening (concentrating on the speaker, notice their feelings), Reflective listening (restating what you hear at points during the conversation to check your understanding) Scope of job role – Staff should know what they can and cannot do as part of their job and the type of issues they must refer to a supervisor. This should not stop them using their own initiative to resolve a straightforward problem quickly, providing they do not make arrangements or promises that are outside their authority Knowledge of Products/ Services – You can only give customers accurate information and advise them about the best options to suit their needs if you have a good knowledge of the products and/ or services available. Because you cannot always memorise these, you also need to know where to find the information, such as in a catalogue, brochure or database. Type and Quality of products/services Businesses monitor and evaluate  their  customer service so that they can remedy problems and introduce improvements. This can be done in various ways. The methods used usually depend upon the size and type of business. Informal customer feedback  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ easy and cheap; an example is a waiter asking you how your meal is when you are eating Customer questionnaires/comment cards  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ issued by many businesses e.g restaurants; these give the business an idea of how effective their customer service is.  Question) – What do you think a disadvantage of this form of monitoring might be? Staff feedback  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  this is invaluable, and not just because it is free; many staff receive or overhear customer comments, both positive and negative. In addition, if staffs are unhappy and leave to work elsewhere, it is sensible to find out why. Mystery customers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ employed to visit stores to assess staff. They may also check competitor’s stores to compare service levels.  (Question) – What things do you think a mystery shopper will be looking out for? Complaints and compliment letters  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ encouraged by many organisations as a form of feedback; If several simi lar complaints are received, there is  obviously  a problem that needs immediate attention. This is why organisations record the complaints they receive and then check to see if there are any common factors.

Lufthansa: Going Global Essay

Lufthansa Aviation group has become a worldwide leader in the airline industry with several powerful business segments, inclusive of a passenger airline component, business component, logistics, MRO catering and IT services. The aviation success has been largely due to their focus on quality, innovation, safety and reliability. Head quartered in Germany, Lufthansa has lead the pack with regard to international airline business. The Aviation Groups’ International Business Strategy has evolved to that of a corporate level transnational strategy, whereas there is a shared vision to achieve global efficiency yet effort to strengthen its local responsiveness in Germany (Hitt, 2009). Evident with the strategic alliance with Star Alliance, the development of Lufthansa Regional serves as a local response provision of a low- cost carrier, in addition to the modernizations of various traveler hubs and welcome lounges throughout the major key traffic hubs located in Germany. This international business strategy is considered a combination of multi –domestic and global strategies (Hitt, 2009). A transnational strategy uniquely offers the benefits inherent in both global and multi-domestic strategies; under this strategy each business component of Lufthansa can successfully exercise independent innovation given its decentralized structure. Lufthansa understood early, the benefits and advantages of international expansion evident through post WWII with travels to various countries (Lufthansa, 2010) later the formation of an strategic alliance with Star Alliance, which serves a global airline network. Star Alliance was established in 1997 with Lufthansa being one of its core founding members. Despite industry ups and downs related to international travel through the early 1980’s with the Iraq war, and then the frightening threat of terrorism post September 11, 2001, Lufthansa remained optimistic as did the rest of the airline industry, and responded to globalization appropriately. The majority responded in a like manner forming alliances in an effort to compete with the newly entered No-frills and lower cost competitive airline flights offerings. Competition of this kind, along with slow recovery of international travelers, increase in gas prices; the constant pressure to  reduce pricing order to remain competitive has taken a toll on the entire industry over the last decade. Lufthansa’s also crafted Lufthansa Regional which accounts for 50 percent of the Aviation group’s German and European flights. This Wholly owned subsidiary is entirely owned and controlled by Lufthansa the parent company, and was established to meet the need of low-cost carriers. Within Lufthansa Regional, exist Eurrowings and the partly owned City line. Through this development Lufthansa can offer a lower cost airline and reap the benefits of passengers opting for this Intercontinental airline versus going to a larger hub. Lufthansa used an acquisition strategy with the accumulation of SWISS AIR in 2005, a strategic move to prevent the competition British Airways and One World Alliance to seize the opportunity. The strategic alliance with Star Alliance was a concerted cooperative strategy to provide customers worldwide reach and a smooth travel experience (StarAlliance,2010). This remains as a shared objective for Star Alliance, Lufthansa and the other members of this alliance. It is understood that it is relatively impossible to survive in a global network outside of an alliance. This cooperative strategy serves as a mechanism for the Aviation Group to enter the market swiftly, and with greater impact with the support of the alliance. The airline industry has historically been a standard –cycle market, the same is true with this alliance thus allowing for savings and benefits to extend across its members (Hitt, 2009). The addition of Air China and Shanghai Airlines added as members, serves as a solid example of Star Alliance’s capability to assist in global expansion for all its members; and a unique opportunity to tap into a market that would be quite challenging if attempte d independently. This strategic network serves as a valuable cooperative arrangement to take place between the 18 members within the Star Alliance. This alliance allows for the sharing of cooperative relationships with stakeholders, customers, suppliers and competitors (Hitt, 2009). Air carriers commonly participate in multiple horizontal complementary alliances; this is demonstrated with the relationship between Star Alliance and Lufthansa. However, these type of business-level cooperative strategies present challenges with perception of loyalty, and speculation of illegal collusive activities this feeds into the discussion  of other risks. Lufthansa has faced some friction with regard to making compromises counter to its culture. However; the use of the cooperative strategies such as the alliance formed with Star Alliance proves reasonable given the high uncertainty of the industry and risk associated with pursing growth opportunities independently. It is considerably important to evaluate these uncertainties and challenges when pursing business outside of the national boundaries. The risk of a network cooperative alliance such as Star Alliance carries the risk of opportunistic behavior. What may have initially been viewed as a partnership, could become compromised with potential for failure due in part to a false perception of trustworthiness amongst members. (Hitt, 2008) Additional risk, may also include misrepresentation; full disclosure of what each member can bring to table and imbalance of alliance-specific investments as detailed with the example partnership of Disney and Pixar within the text. With regard to Lufthansa and its compromises counter to standards, these challenges were revealed in the case study and make mention of compromises made throughout the years running counter to the culture of Lufthansa. An important example of this was the mention of the IT component, and the belief that the customer interfacing with electronic check in completion was less than desirable, and not in alignment with the Lufthansa standard with response to customers. However, collaboration of Star Alliance IT infrastructure would rob Lufthansa IT systems of their customers (Hitt, 2009). Consideration of current globalization trends and future efforts of the airline industry must be evaluated operating outside of national boundaries. An analysis of the varying social culture and institutional attributes of global markets require evaluation. Strategic leadership involves the analyzing of the environment in order to identify and an anticipate changes and trends that are likely to occur. An analysis focusing on strengths, weaknesses, threat, and opportunities (SWOT), should be conducted in order to properly evaluate the industry environment. The risks associated with operating beyond national boundaries or Germany as in the case with Lufthansa would benefit from evaluating a competitive model such as the five  forces competitive model as a method of gaining knowledge about the industry inclusive of Threats of new entrants, Bargaining power of suppliers, Rivalry among competing firms, Threat of substitute product, and Bargaining power of buyers (Hit, 2009) The evaluation of the organizations structure and controls of Lufthansa indicate a great deal of complexity that requires extensive management. Given that the organizational structure is the foundational support for the organization and specifies the organization’s formal reporting relationships, procedures controls, authority and decisions making aspects it is imperative that the structure is solid but with room for flexibility as changes arise. The case study touches upon the six business lines within Lufthansa and the strategic mission of the organization to unite every aspect of the organization under one â€Å"strategy roof†. The Aviation Group has streamlined much of its endeavors inclusive of the dissolving of the once â€Å"integrated† cooperation. Strategic controls of this nature include improving the flow of communication between management and front line employees and translating the over arching values of the organization into â€Å"leadership values†. Providing a degree of accountability, to every employee with targets, and dialogue with management about their endeavors through an annual evaluation. There is an aggressive effort to restructure the business model focusing on cost cutting and streamlining anything that may be impacting the cash flow significantly. Strategic and Financial controls are necessary to maintain a balance within the organization, thus the use of a balance score card would be ideal. This score card would serve as a check and balance system between what the organization has set out to accomplish and strategic and financial controls used to assess their performance. The old adage â€Å"if you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it† lends to the legitimacy of using such controls. An example of such a financial control for Lufthansa was the elimination of discounted tickets used by independent travel agencies and promotion of direct booking using the internet or call centers. Financial operating goals have become a high priority with a direct focus on intervening in areas which impact the cash flow. Lufthansa has demonstrated  great resiliency given its financial crises during the 1990’s, now holding a positive investment grade rating. Given that experience the organization is prepared to implement controls in order to maintain financial discipline in avoidance of succumbing to financial failure. Improving the organizational structure requires making a significant investment in its Human Capital this means developing the leadership skills of individuals within the organization. Many believe that the human element in any organization is most important. The word â€Å"Capital† is typically referred to as an asset that can be utilized in the production of more wealth. Therefore investing in what one would consider as its most valuable assets â€Å"human capital† , productivity is likely to increase. Lufthansa should begin with an organization wide initiative aimed at restoring the trust and loyalty of its employees. There is such a rich history of Lufthansa dating back to the 1930’s and employees should be reminded of this history built on quality and pride at one time to be a â€Å"Lufthanseat†. The message of â€Å"value† i.e. corporate values, and how valuable every employee is, can be incorporated into the current town halls held and worked into the â€Å"corporate university† curriculum. The organization has become quite complex with the many subsidiaries, strategic alliances and acquisitions that perhaps the employees doing the front line work feel left out of the loop. There should be a financial investment made in providing effective training and development programs tailored to every employee within the organization. Every employee within an organization can benefit from continued education and learning opportunities. Continuing learning and leveraging the firms expanding knowledge base are linked with strategic success (Hitt, 2009). A concerted effort by management and workforce education professionals should be made to development up and coming managers and future leadership. Developing relationships inside and outside of the organization inclusive of those organizations partnered with enhances the social capital of the organization. Given the competitive nature of the job airline industry, it would prove advantageous for Lufthansa to use their strategic alliances to foster their social capital positively. It is inconceivable to envision an organization reaching is maximum potential without cultivating its organizational culture and defining its mission and vision. The case study divulges occurrences where the workforce has become fragmented with varying interests, perceptions, communication channels and expectations. This is evidence that the organizational culture inclusive of ideologies, symbols and core values must be addressed and strategically in alignment with the vision of the organization (Hitt, 2009). Competencies can be derived and influenced by the organizational culture in order produce desired outcomes. The culture of the organization should positively impact its workforce, fostering an environment of innovation, transparent communication and trust, and in the case of Lufthansa a commitment to quality and upholding of standards. Strategic Leadership means focusing on incremental changes, with celebration of small success to maintain the momentum of the cultural change. Top leadership must fully buy-in to the cultural change endeavors in order to ensure its success. The selection of management and employees at all level with an intrinsic desire to contribute to the organization in a positive manner is important. There should be a sincere desire to act responsibly and ethically and avoidance of opportunistic behavior and other behavior which could destructive to the culture of the organization. A positive organizational culture feeds an entrepreneurial spirit and opportunities within an organization. The importance of entrepreneurial opportunities cannot be under stated. This entrepreneurial-state of mind facilitates the energy and enthusiasm necessary to promote innovative â€Å"out of the box† thinking. The freedom of expression, sharing of ideas, and asking the â€Å"Why† questions is tremendously valuable to an organization such as Lufthansa and any organization interested in competing globally. The five dimensions of autonomy, innovativeness, risk taking, proactivenesss and competitive aggressiveness should be capitalized upon throughout training initiatives and encouraged in order to create an entrepreneurial mind set work force. The workforce should be challenged to come up with better, faster; more efficient was of accomplishing tasks or streamlining processes, and recognized by Lufthansa Leadership for doing so. Lufthansa has expressed and exercised a number of initiatives aimed at reducing complexity of its organization. The dissolving of business segments and evaluation of process improvement strategies all serve as advances towards building an organizations model in alignment with business simplicity versus that of complex nature. Lufthansa can experience tremendous simplicity in appropriately managing the various business elements within the organization by acquiring a global mind set, and providing flexibility to address the need of each segment. An in depth look at core competencies and measurement of how much value each segment is contributing to the overall success of the organization and how the internal characteristics of the organization measure up to the competition ; meeting the needs of the customer is a great starting place. The environmental uncertainty of the airline industry and other customer base for the varying business units does increase the complexity and range of iss ues to consider when evaluating the internal environment (Hitt, 2009); however, it is essential in order to understand the organizational complexity in its entirety. Ashby’s Law of Variety suggests that organization can handle high external complexity on by a similar internal complexity (Hitt, 2009). Recommendations regarding the reduction of complexity are as follows: †¢Development of a unified vision that is shared across the organization, in an effort to eliminate the diversity of values, aims, cultures and types of behavior. †¢A shared global strategy communicated throughout the organization in the fulfillment of a common goal. †¢Education regarding the benefits of a culturally diverse workforce; recruitment of a diverse work force with varying ethical and professional backgrounds yet committed to the success of Lufthansa and a shared vision. †¢Standardizing of processes and norms throughout the organization Lufthansa possess the organizational know how and strategic leadership to face future uncertainties of the airline industry. It has proved its strength and resiliency in its survival of a turbulent industry and shows promising potential despite uncertainties regarding global warming issues. Here education is key and it would be advantageous for Lufthansa to continue fostering positive social relationships with environmental agencies and other social activities.

Style Analysis

Cassidy Carter 3/19/13 Engl 1302- Prof. Evans Style Analysis Firoozeh Dumas' essay, â€Å"The F-Word,† addresses the very relatable struggle every person with an ethnic name faces in the American culture. Her prime example being herself, Dumas humorously and realistically depicts the trauma a person endures from constantly having to educate people about your name. She also uses the names of her siblings to provide a comparison of the names' meaning in Persian versus their American mispronunciations. Dumas' seamless use of analogies, word choice and quotations assists in her goal of making the reader understand and sympathize with her frustration.The analogy used throughout â€Å"The F-Word† that assists Dumas with explaining how people's refusal to say her name correctly, involves, interestingly enough, spices. Paralleling different linguistic sounds with uncommon spices, Dums jokingly suggests that common sounds like ‘cinnamon and sumac. ‘ Dumas later retur ns to her analogy toward the end of her piece while referencing a particularly annoying parent at her children's school who refers to Dumas as â€Å"F-Word,† the title of the piece non-coincidentally.This parent eventually is transferred to another school where Dumas hopes she â€Å"might have to make some room in her spice cabinet. † This analogy connects and ends the story while making it humorous to the reader and more relatable. Dumas' word choice also relates to adding humor to the piece as she dissects the names of her family and how they are abused in American culture. Her explanations of how Farbod became ‘Farthead' amongst his peers as well as how Farshid became the abhorrent ‘Fartshit,' not only exposes the silly cruelty of children.Such instances also express a humorous exasperation with her American peers who refused to even try to pronounce their names. Further in the essay, Dumas regales the reader with a tale of an unfortunate encounter with a hematology technician that she has an appointment with. â€Å"Having been called Froozy, Frizzy, Fiorucci and Froozy and just plain ‘Uhhhh.. ‘ I am highly accommodating. I did not however respond to Fritzy because there is not in my name. † This bit of humor at her own expense makes the piece all the more personable and relatable.Dumas' use of quotations as she sarcastically impersonates her offenders also adds humor to her essay. Her references to what she believes are her offenders’ excuses for mispronouncing her name were particularly humorous as they effectively allow the user to understand her point of view. â€Å"My name, Firoozeh, chosen by my mother, means ‘Turquoise’ in Persian. In America, it means ‘Unpronounceable’ or ‘I’m Not Going to Talk to You Because I Cannot Possible Learn Your Name and I Just Don’t Want to Have to Ask You Again and Again Because You’ll Think I’m Dumb of You Mig ht Get Upset or Something. â€Å" Dumas’ word choice in choosing to explain the Persian meaning of her name aids in her use of quotations because by giving the correct meaning of the name she further ridicules the people who refuse to use her correct name. â€Å"The F-Word† is a witty essay that makes relatable the struggle of having an ethnic name in ‘this land of Joes and Marys. ’ The essay should allow the reader an opportunity to focus on their own name faux pas’ and hopefully make a change in their behavior in the future when dealing with people with names that require a little more spice in their linguistic ‘spice cabinet. ’

How the development of corporate governance improved the overall Dissertation

How the development of corporate governance improved the overall quality of uk band management - Dissertation Example In the course of the presentation and interpretation of results, it was established that banks that pay the best of salaries and have an effective remuneration programs retain their employees over a very long periods of time in their organisations. In the same way, those that paid less suffered frequent cases of employee turnover in the forms of resignation and unannounced quitting of position. Literature has indeed showed that when companies put in proactive efforts through the standardisation of remuneration as suggested by the UK corporate governance code to retain their employees, there is a superlative impact that this would have on company performance (Iedema and Poppe, 2001). First and foremost, it will be noted that companies with long serving employees can be assured of a human resource base that is in-tuned with the organisational culture in place at the workplace (National Technical Information Services, 1987). Subsequently, the rhythm of customer participation will be eas ily read by such employees, who would in turn offer services and products that meet customer specification. In the long run, customers who have their specifications met will become satisfied with service received and will want to continue doing business with the bank. Another factor that links employee retention to bank performance is the fact that employees who have worked among themselves for long get along easily and better. Often times when new employees would have to come in who will be coached and guided as to how to deliver service, the rates of productivity of such employees will not be as effective as those who can work independently or with limited support (Ilies and Scott, 2006). Meanwhile, the levels of productivity recorded by banks can be translated directly into tangible fiscal growth. Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the efforts of all people who have been of help to me in the course of writing this dissertation. Names like ................. are worth ment ioning. Thank you to you all. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Research background 1 1.2 Research rationale 1 1.3 Research aims and objectives 4 Chapter 2: Literature Review 5 2.2 Corporate governance in the banking industry 7 2.5 Operational Risk 12 2.5.1 Regulatory and Statutory framework for enforcing Corporate Governance 13 2.7 Measurement of Bank Performance 19 Chapter 3: Methodology 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Aims and Objectives of the Research 21 3.3 Research Approach 22 3.4 Research Design 22 3.5 Research Theory and Strategy 23 3.6 Research Method 24 3.7 Reliability and Validity 26 3.8 Limitations 26 Chapter 4: Findings 27 Chapter 5: Discussion 40 Chapter 6. Conclusion, Limitations and Recommendations 55 6.1 Conclusion 55 6.2 Limitations 58 6.3 Recommendations 60 Reference 61 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research background Undoubtedly, the degree of the collapses brought about by the Financial Crisis across the world as well as the ramification for the entire global ec onomy is documented in many other places. Consequently, many would want to know whether the failure is as a result of poor corporate governance or not. As a response to isolated cases such as the Marconi collapse in 2001 in the UK, many would argue that it was not a failure of corporate governance because the collapse was mainly after a misguided strategy

Standpoint Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Standpoint Theory - Essay Example Standpoint Theory provides epistemic advantage for different academic fields, when informants/characters are empowered to accurately discuss and analyze their social positions, so that they can change the status quo and improve their social status, although the theory must also address its conceptual and methodological weaknesses to become a dependable resource for feminist epistemology. Sandra Harding describes the political commitments of Standpoint Theory and two sources of controversial views in â€Å"Standpoint Theories: Productively Controversial.† She argues that the political commitments of Standpoint Theory are: 1) the daily lives of the oppressed provide a richer standpoint for social analysis than the experiences of the privileged; 2) standpoint theorists â€Å"study up† because they deconstruct the realities and needs of the underprivileged; 3) the theory promotes collective achievement in understanding how social relations operate; and 4) the theory seeks to obtain data that is accurate, exhaustive, objective, and intersectional (Harding 194-195). Furthermore, the two sources of controversial principles are the changing political agenda of feminists and the clash of different disciplines and their related epistemology and ontology (Harding 196-197). Harding argues that feminists must see Standpoint Theory from a contextualized multidiscipli nary view and accept plurality as a legitimate source of different understandings, and not as a limitation to feminist analysis (Harding 198). She concludes that Standpoint Theory has a significant role in diverse science fields because it emphasizes attention on troubling social realities and uneven social relations. This article is important in discussing the controversies that undercut the intersectional value of Standpoint Theory. It has the weakness of poor empirical testing of its analyses through applying Harding’s propositions to women’s groups. ... Harding argues that feminists must see Standpoint Theory from a contextualized multidisciplinary view and accept plurality as a legitimate source of different understandings, and not as a limitation to feminist analysis (Harding 198). She concludes that Standpoint Theory has a significant role in diverse science fields because it emphasizes attention on troubling social realities and uneven social relations. This article is important in discussing the controversies that undercut the intersectional value of Standpoint Theory. It has the weakness of poor empirical testing of its analyses through applying Harding’s propositions to women’s groups. Elizabeth Anderson criticizes Lisa Schwartzman’s Challenging Liberalism (2006) in â€Å"Toward a Non-Ideal, Relational Methodology for Political Philosophy: Comments on Schwartzman's Challenging Liberalism.† Anderson agrees with Schwartzman’s positive agenda of political philosophy, specifically the latterâ₠¬â„¢s standpoint methodology and group relations methodology. She affirms that Schwartzman is right in her criticisms of individualism and abstraction too because they are incompatible with group relations methodology and standpoint methodology, respectively (Anderson 131). On the contrary, Anderson disagrees with Schwartzman’s view on liberalism. Anderson argues that liberalism is consistent with Schwartzman’s methods because liberals have used them and liberal normative commitments promote the use of these methods (Anderson 131). Anderson contends that liberalism is based on a level of timidity on the capability of the state in resolving all injustices, especially considering differences in how people see what is â€Å"good† in their operations of informal social values (131). The

Cell Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cell Biology - Essay Example downregulate the expression of the histidine biosynthetic enzymes in the presence of ample histidine, since the cell does not need to synthesis histidine under those conditions. If HisP functions as a gene activator, I would expect it to bind more tightly to the regulatory sequences under conditions with low levels of histidine. As a gene activator, HisP would function to increase the expression of genes necessary for the biosynthesis of histidine. This would be more necessary and beneficial to the cell under conditions of low histidine. 2. In class we talked about how bacterial cells can take up the amino acid tryptophan from their surroundings, or if the external supply is insufficient, they can synthesize trytophan by using enzymes in the cell. In some bacteria, the control of glutamine synthesis is similar to that of tryptophan synthesis, such that the glutamine repressor is used to inhibit the transcription of the glutamine operon, which contains the genes that code for the enzymes required for glutamine synthesis. Upon binding to cellular glutamine, the glutamine repressor binds to the site of the promoter of the operon. By repressing the expression of the glutamine operon in the abundance of glutamine, as when the repressor molecule is bound to glutamine, the cell can conserve energy by not synthesizing a molecule that is already in abundance in its environment. When the supply of glutamine drops, the number of repressor molecules bound to glutamine, and hence repressing the expression of the glutamine operon, drops as well. This allows the cell to express the glutamine operon in order to raise levels of glutamine through its own biosynthetic pathway. The regulatory mechanism would fail because no allosteric (or other) changes induced by glutamine binding to the repressor molecule would allow it to bind to the glutamine operon promoter and cease synthesis of it. As a result, assuming no other regulatory mechanisms prevented it, the cell would

Performance management is key to achieving sustained competitive Essay

Performance management is key to achieving sustained competitive advantage - Essay Example advantage (Amit & Schoemaker, 1993; Barney, 1991; Schoenecker & Cooper, 1998). Human capital is more mobile than other intangible resources (Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997). Therefore, it may seem an unlikely source of sustained competitive advantage. Hence the organization must search for the means and ways to retain them to achieve completive advantage. Competitive advantage is gained only when the organization selects or develops these resources and structures work tasks and the reward system in ways that motivate the team to perform well and thereby contribute to organizational effectiveness (Guzzo & Shea, 1992). Some organizations reward employees financially when they demonstrate an ability to acquire and master new knowledge (Jenkins & Gupta, 1985; Gerhart, 2000; Lawler, ch-10).Also some studies like, Jackson & Schuler, 2002 considers that organizational structures for rewards improve organizational performance and proves competitive advantage rather than team effectiveness and selection and training. But according to Dobbins, Cardy, Facteau, & Miller, 1993 opinion, system factors are the only constraining influences that restrict individual ability and motivation, and result in lowered performance. Performance management involves enabling people to perform their work to the best of their ability, meeting and perhaps exceeding targets and standards, and hence the PM system involves the following components.1. The focus is on an individual's work.2. There are expectations or standards of performance.3. There are usually two sessions between the employee and the evaluator: one to establish the standards and another to review performance. 4. The evaluator is usually the person who has line management authority over the one evaluated. 5. The evaluation session usually results in some written conclusion--some paper trail regarding the performance of the person reviewed. Corporate Performance Management (CPM) has become a widely adopted strategy execution in the current day corporate scenario with systematic and integrated improvements in the management processes to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. At the core of CPM is A metrics-based strategic planning and execution framework that helps align strategic plans with resource allocation and strategic initiatives Strategic goal alignment through enhanced communication and focusing processes / resources towards organization objectives A structured information based review mechanism that provides the feedback loop and connects strategic planning to operational performance measures Eg: Infosys is a best example to observe the competitive advantage of the company that has achieved through the adoption of CPM approach. Performance management and improvement is observed as Cycle to adopt in the process with certain steps. The practice of Infosys CPM is observed through the following steps of PM cycle. 1. Performance planning: Here

Building on prior success Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Building on prior success - Assignment Example This version comes with a secure socket tunneling protocol from Microsoft, which would work efficiently with other supporting security protocols in providing secure connections. This tunnel provides a mechanism for safely transporting encryptions through almost all proxy servers and firewall. Incorporation of new servers into the system would include numerous activities of upgrading the current system, and ensuring compatibility with the operating system. Extra servers remain fundamental in increasing the available storage space within the company network system. Installation of extra servers would follow centralization of the servers; hence ensuring information retrieval from a central location. The company’s head-office could potentially serve as the central location for new servers. This would essentially enable regional offices’ users to access information from company, servers through the internet. Similarly, remote employees would also access required files contained in central servers from different locations. Central server installation remains fundamental in enhancing information security as information could be protected from a single source (Hallberg, 2009). Confidentiality of the information could become immensely enhanced through sender authent ication at the central server, enabling secure information movement. The best way for employees to remotely access Ocper Inc. network would be through utilizing mobile virtual private network. Mobile VPN setting functions efficiently in situations where the endpoint VPN contains multiple access points. The mobile network can also be accessed using cellular devices carrying data between several Wi-Fi access points. These individuals could utilize modern I-phones, with capability to access VPN connections, as the network connection enables seamless roaming between networks through utilizing wireless connections. The advantage of utilizing

Multiple Intelligences and its relationship to curriculum development Research Paper

Multiple Intelligences and its relationship to curriculum development - Research Paper Example Similar to machines, MI theory improves learners’ cognitive skills. It motivates learners to ponder about content outside usual limits, and from various points of view. Parents, educators, and community supporters are attracted to the discipline. As learners embark on the course of physical activity and health management, they begin to think about their ties to specific socio-cultural ideals and objectives, government rules and agendas, and community programs (Sternberg & Williams, 1998). Diverse and new cultural, political, and social theories contribute to the scope and importance of health education. This essay has two objectives: (1) to recommend a structure for health education, (2) to provide a brief overview of the theory of multiple intelligences (MI) theory, and (3) to show how MI theory develops teaching practices, curriculum development, and student performance related to the behaviors, competencies, and knowledge related to health management. ... eories of intelligence can offer a neutral basis between the perspective that there is an exclusive mechanism in which minds function and the idea that every mind is distinct (Armstrong, 2000). Obviously, theories are just assumptions; but in trying to understand the workings of the mind and, in particular, the intelligences in classroom, a relevant theory can assist teachers in understanding the unexpected behaviors and attitudes that students show. Practically every facet of classroom life, one way or another, created around what educators would like children to gain knowledge of and become skilled at, and how they perceive they are most likely to achieve it. In traditional classroom settings, desks or armchairs are organized in a row and students sit obediently and silently much of the day. In alternative classroom settings, there are work areas or stations, each assigned for individual forms of activity. From the actual structure of the room, to the contents of homework, to the i ssues raised in class discussions, to the materials given, each step a teacher takes shows, to a certain extent, a thought about learning and intelligence. The Implication of Multiple Intelligence (MI) Theory for Teaching and Curriculum Development The theory of multiple intelligences poses numerous issues for curriculum development and classroom practice. Should educators make an effort to cultivate all forms of intelligences evenly or should they concentrate on determining and enhancing the strengths of children? Should education institutions provide a broader range of courses or should they continue a fixed curriculum and give more diverse means of involving learners in the traditional subjects? It is essential to bear in mind that MI is not a goal as such. If a teacher claims, â€Å"I

Week Eight Online Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week Eight Online Question - Essay Example This was in line with the theories of David Ricardo, the English political economist, who argued in favor of hard currency that would enable the economy to escape the cycles of booms and depressions. This, Andrew Jackson and his supporters felt, would be a lasting solution to the problems that America faced at a time when it was expanding rapidly and monetary policies were a widely debated issue. Jackson’s stance on this matter is considered t be crucial in his re-election to the post of the president of the United States of America. hands of people who lived outside America and those sections of the American society which belonged to the upper strata (Andrew). His efforts according to the speeches that he delivered regarding the future of the Bank of the United States were directed towards the establishment of a nation that would ensure the equality of the people who stayed in it. This, Jackson felt, could be achieved only through a return from credit to hard currency, something that David Ricardo had suggested. His views were appropriated by Jackson and his political friends in order to establish an economic order that they felt would not allow the re-establishment of situations like that which occurred during the panic of 1819, when the banks, since they had lent money that had become less valuable due to inflation, experienced a shortage. Ricardian currency theories required that the banks regulate the monetary pressures of inflation and deflation through regulating the flow of money into the economy. Jackso n’s views were thus, not completely against banks, but called for a reassessment of the roles that banks played in the American economy that would prevent a repeat of the events of 1819. A system was put in place according to which only the amount of money the equivalent of which was present in the bank in

The decline of classical civilizations Term Paper

The decline of classical civilizations - Term Paper Example This reflects the emphasis of people on stability and the accumulation of material wealth using sophisticated technologies and through widespread trading links. The Persians were located in a mid-point between the technologically advanced Greco-Roman world and the exotic trading world of the Chinese. The Chinese civilization not only gave start to the paper currency but also started making use of silk products, which were much required to trade goods all across the major axial age civilizations. It means that China was well placed to soak up the ideas which passed back and forth with the traders of that time. The Roman civilization was altogether focussed towards war. Their military personnel were extremely sure that they could make use of a wide network of populated lands in order to develop their main cities. In India, the caste system was deeply integrated in the culture, which emerged as a way to determine levels of the people. The law books in the Indian civilization focused mor e on a strictly hierarchical division of the people, which provided the basis for the Hindu way of life that still prevails not only in India but also in some other parts of the subcontinent up to some extent. What Caused Fall of Classical Civilization Some of the major reasons, which caused decline to the classical civilizations, include new forms of governments, expanded borders, mediocre successors, economic and social imbalance, disintegration of large empires, and division between the people based on race. Let us now discuss the factors in detail, which led to the decline of four major classical civilizations of the world. Decline of Rome The most complex of all civilizations’ declines was the decline of the Roman Civilization. â€Å"The primary reason for the fall of the Roman Empire was the differences between the communal and patriarchal forces† (Martin). Some other factors behind decline of the Roman civilization were the differences between upper and lower cl asses of the people and expansion of borders. As Roman Empire started to expand, it required more troops and weapons to cope with the situation. Giving salaries to all troops and buying more weapons was impossible without cooperation of the local people. Therefore, the government of that time imposed various taxes on the lower class of Rome in order to collect money. The government did not impose the taxes on the upper class of Rome. Upper class used to live luxurious lifestyle whereas lower class started to struggle in order to fulfill their necessities of life. Upper class not only enjoyed their lifestyle but also they did not pay any attention to their social and political responsibilities. People, other than upper class, started to view life as a meaningless and hollow thing. Complexities in their lives deviated away their attention from the arts and culture. It is a fact that when a country or a civilization states neglecting the importance of its culture and traditions, it can not move with the pace of the world for a long time and eventually faces collapse or fall down. It also happened with the Roman civilization where people started to ignore their culture, arts, social and political norms resulting in the decline of whole civilization. These reasons resulted in

Negotiation Mistake Essay Example for Free

Negotiation Mistake Essay Negotiating is hard, no one denies it, but its also a valuable skill. An expert from Carnegie Mellon told BNET that if you fail to negotiate a higher salary just once at the start of your career, you can expect to leave $1-2 million on the table throughout your working life due to raises being calculated from a lower starting point. Thats conclusive proof that you need to negotiate, but its not enough to just give it a whirl, you also need to do it right. Unfortunately, there are plenty of ways to get things wrong, according to Margaret Neale, director of Stanford Business Schools executive education program in negotiation. Citing her expertise, Stanfords Knowledgebase recently outlined six common negotiation pitfalls that commonly trip people up. Some, like treating cross-cultural negotiations like local ones, are only applicable to fairly narrow situations, but the three below could apply to nearly any negotiation: Thinking the pie is fixed. Usually its not. You may make this common mistake when there is a congruent issue, when both parties want the same thing. For example: In the context of an overall negotiation involving salary, bonus, and vacation, the boss wants to transfer a junior manager to San Francisco. The manager is eager for the San Francisco assignment. But frequently, the employee will look at the situation and believe that since the boss gave him a desired promotion the employee must compromise on the transfer location. The employee might actually suggest a transfer to Atlanta. His psychology is: I cant expect to get everything I want, so Ill take the middle. The boss is ambivalent about the transfer and figures she can get someone else to go to San Francisco. You think it is unlikely an employee in a career negotiation would miss such an obvious opportunity? Neale repeatedly has performed this exercise in her classes and finds that 20 to 35 percent of the students assume its a fixed pie and miss an opportunity to get what both parties want. Failing to pay attention to your opponent. Negotiators need to analyze the biases their opponents bring to the table. How will they evaluate your offers? One way to get inside your opponents head and influence his attitude is to shape the issues for him, a technique called framing. If you get your opponent to accept your view of the situation, then you can influence the amount of risk he is willing to take. For example, you are a purchasing manager renegotiating an hourly wage contract with a subcontractor. The subcontractor currently makes $10 an hour. You are willing to elevate the subcontracting firm to $11 an hour. Another organization recently boosted its rate with your subcontractor to $12 an hour. You know that when the negotiators for your subcontractor hear your $11 offer, they may think they are going to have to give up a dollar an hour. You must get them to focus on the point you are starting from $10, not $12. You frame the issue positively by talking about all the ways your contract is different from the others. Your contract has some advantages outside of the hourly pay. The other side will be more willing to risk lower wages for the purported other benefits. A common mistake is negotiating from a negative frame: The other firms deal offers more, but we can afford only $11. Paying too much attention to anchors. Anchors are part of a bargaining dynamic known as anchoring and adjustment. This involves clearly setting the parameters for negotiation. For example, a couple was selling their house for $500,000. The first offer came in at $375,000, which was too low to consider. If the couple had acknowledged the offer with a counter, they would have started bargaining somewhere between $500,000 and $375,000. Instead, they responded that it was not a reasonable offer and told the buyers to come back when they had a decent offer. The buyers came back at $425,000. The seller then countered at $495,000. The buyers then came up to $430,000, but the sellers still didnt accept the offer. The buyers argued that they had come up $55,000 from $375,000. But the sellers were careful to remind them that $375,000 was not their starting point; rather, it was $425,000, the first reasonable offer. Using that anchor, the sellers argued that they had come down $5,000 from $500,000 and the buyer had come up $5,000 from $425,000. Both had moved the same amount in negotiations. One more round of bidding had the house sold for a price well above the buyers initial bid. The point is: Youve got to watch the anchors and where they are set, says Neale.

Antioxidant Activity of Banana Peel

Antioxidant Activity of Banana Peel According to several authors, banana peel recorded stronger antioxidant activity, pooled more quantity of phenolic compounds (Someya et al., 2002), greater range of phenolics composition and higher in minerals content than banana pulp. Banana pulp had been reported as having various antioxidants such as vitamins (A, B and E), ÃŽÂ ² carotene (Kanazawa Sakakibara, 2000) and phenolic compounds like catechin, epicatechin, lignin, tannin (Someya et al., 2002), gallocatechin and anthocyanins like peonidin and malvidine. There several type of antioxidant such as vitamin C, E, A, beta-carotene, lycopene and also other substances. Antioxidants are abundant in fruits and vegetables, as well as in nuts, grains, and some meats, and fish. Combination of vitamin C with other antioxidants, including vitamin E, b-carotene, and selenium, provides a synergistic antihypertensive effect. Experimental evidences prove that antioxidants can protect human body from free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) effects. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow the oxidative damage to our body and also may protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules or highly reactive chemical that often contains oxygen and is produced during oxidation. Exposure to various environmental factors will lead to free radical formation such as tobacco smoke and radiation. Free radicals can damage important cellular molecules such as DNA or lipids or other parts of the cell and als o may lead to cancer. Banana peel also demonstrated the presence of various phenolic compounds such as gallocatechin and anthocyanins like peonidin and malvidin. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites, which have been associated with flavour and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables and are gaining considerable attention because of their potent antioxidant and health promoting properties (Kaur Kapoor, 2001). Extraction of phenolic compounds in plant materials is influenced by many factors including the extraction method employed, types of solvent polarity used, storage time, presence of interfering substances, sample particle size and conditions as well as their chemical nature. Bananas were enriched with minerals like potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. Banana peel could be a good source of carbohydrates and fiber. The high fiber content also indicates that the peels could help treat constipation and improve general health and well being (Anhwange, B. A. et al., 2009). Natural antioxidant are compound from plant or animals sources that retard oxidative rancidity of oil, fats and fat soluble components, thus protecting them while delaying the development of unpleasant flavors and odors resulting from oxidation process. Antioxidant are present naturally in most raw food sources. Processing of the fruit can remove or trigger the degradation of these antioxidant. Nowadays, the most widely used antioxidant were synthetic antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiary butylhydroxyanisole (TBHQ), and propyl gallate (PG). Figure 1.1 show the molecular structure of the available synthetic antioxidant. Problem Statement Doubt on the safety of the synthetic arose first in the 1960s and led to an increased interest and broad research on natural antioxidant (). Natural antioxidant particularly found in fruit and vegetables have gain interest among consumer and the scientific community because epidemiological studies have indicate that frequent consumption of natural antioxidant is associate with the lower risk of cardiovascular and cancer (Renoud et al.1998). Natural antioxidants are perceived safe, less toxic and beneficial for human health. However, natural antioxidants is very expensive and have been not widely commercialized. In the recent years, there had been an explosive interest in studying antioxidants of some fruits due to their health promoting properties. A large number of studies have been demonstrated either on the effect of extraction time and extraction temperature or drying temperature toward antioxidant activity, phenolic content and minerals in banana peel. Antioxidant activity could influence by geographical origin, cultivar and harvest storage time. (C. Guo et al., 2003). These statements show that different origin of banana peel will have different value of antioxidant. This present studies are focusing on the banana peel that originally harvest in Malaysia because banana peel from Malaysia origin is rarely being studied before. Objective The objective of this research project is to establish the optimal condition for obtaining the banana peel extract with high antioxidant activity, phenolic content and minerals by using solvent extraction. Research Scope Following tasks will be undertaken as a part of the proposed research:- Different drying temperatures of 50Â °C, 55Â °C, 60Â °C, 65Â °C and 70Â °C used to dry the sample. 70% acetone was use as the extracting solvent. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content was analyst by using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and Folin-Ciocalteus calorimetric (FC) respectively. The detection of the products was performed by using UV-visible Spectrophotometer. The sample of 60Â °C drying temperature was extract by using different solvent (methanol, acetone and water) with different dilution ratio (90%, 70%, 50%) in the hot water extraction. The extraction was done at 50Â °C for 1 hour. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content were analyst by using FRAP assay and FC assay respectively. The detection of the product was performed by using UV-visible Spectrophotometer. Time of extraction vary from 1minutes-120 minutes was used to determined the effect of extraction time on antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Banana peel drying at 60Â °C extracted with 70% acetone was used as the sample. Analysis were done by using FRAP and FC assay where the detection was performed by using UV-visible Spectrophotometer Different extraction temperatures of 40Â °C, 50Â °C, 55Â °C and 60Â °C were for the hot water extraction. Banana peel drying at 60Â °C extracted with 70% acetone was used as the sample. Duration of the extraction process was 2 hours. Analyst for antioxidant activity and phenolic content were performed. Verification of the Ascorbic acid existence in the banana peel extract was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) unit. Banana peel drying at 60Â °C extracted with 70% acetone was use as the sample. The extraction process was done at 55oC for 2 hours. Sodium(Na), Magnesium(Mg) and Calcium(Ca) compositions in banana peel extracted with 70% acetone and undergo 2 hours extraction at 55oC were investigate by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) unit. Rationale and Significance Banana is one of the source of natural antioxidant. Besides, banana is easy to get because it is not a seasonal fruit and it grow well in Malaysia. Banana peels are waste from banana fruit and they contain high amount of antioxidant, phenolic content and also mineral. This peel is biodegradable and it will produce environmental problem due to it nitrogen and phosphorus quantity. Therefore extracting the banana peel will be the best solution in order to protect human being, gaining some profit and also creating waste to wealth. Banana peel also can be commercialize because it qualitative and quantitatively contain more antioxidant than it pulp. It also will have does not compete with banana pulp in producing end product especially in the food industry.

Shakespeares Macbeth Meets the Definition of a Tragic Hero Essay examp

Macbeth Meets the Definition of a Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's tragic play 'Macbeth' contains images of suffering and details the consequences of one's action. The story, set within medieval Scotland, follows the actions of a man destined for greatness.   Macbeth is known to be noble, yet he falters and ultimately falls prey to his conscience.   As a result, Macbeth is the tragic hero of this play because he makes a fatal mistake, he endures great suffering, and he possesses a destructive hamartia. As aforementioned Macbeth's first characteristic of the tragic hero is that he makes a fatal mistake. Macbeth's fatal mistake is that he listens to others too much and he is particularly credulous as to what they say.   Macbeth is swayed by the words of the witches, the Apparitions, and his own wife.   Near the beginning of the play, Macbeth and Banquo encounter three witches. The witches greet Macbeth by hailing him by his two titles, Thane of Cawdor and Glams, and then the Third Witch hails him by saying, "... that shalt be king hereafter.(Mac.1.3.53)"   The witch's statement makes Macbeth believe that since the witch said it, it must be true.   The witches are probably the source for Macbeth's hunger for power over Scotland.   The witches do not ... ...sulted: Campbell, Lily B. "Macbeth : A Study in Fear." Readings on Macbeth. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. 126-35. Kinney, Arthur F. ed. William Shakpespeare: the Tragedies. Boston: Hall and Company, 1985. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Elements of Literature. Sixth ed. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1997. Wadsworth, Frank W. "Shakespeare, William." World Book Online American Edition. Online Edition. Online. Netzero. 26 Mar 2002. "William Shakespeare." BBC Homepage. Online. Available . 26 Mar. 2002. Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. 30-37.

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1.3 Rationale for Research Topic Employee engagement is a relatively new concept which has been heavily marketed and publicised by management consultancies. The reason for this is because many of these management consultancy firms suggest that employee engagement can affect the bottom line, increase business performance, profitability and customer service Macey & Schieder (2008 P:). Increasing levels of engagement is becoming more important to an organisation because the outcome of employee engagement has been reported to correlate with performance. The CIPD through their research into employee engagement have identified that engaged employees are more likely to deliver business performance (CIPD 2010) Research into engagement has unveiled that individuals who are engaged are more likely to show enthusiasm for the work they do, show willingness to do well and are likely to be engaged by the values of the organisation. To understand what this can look like engagement can be determined by measuring its characteristic (vigor, dedication and absorption) and when measured can be found to be positively related to an individual’s job performance (Bakker et al 2008) Although ‘engagement' can be seen as a buzz word it has also been identified that for such a well-used term there is little associated research in the field of engagement (Robinson et al, 2004). Several of the key concepts of employee engagement derive from social psychology, drawing upon theories that are concerned with motivation, organisational behaviours and attitudes. Some academics argue that employee engagement is basically old wine in new bottles because key concepts by theorists such as Hertzberg, Maslow and Alderfer underpin the notion of employee engagement (Rob... ...ent and sustain it, you must approach it at three different layers of the organisation - the individual, the manager and the executive. Individuals must own their engagement. They cannot expect HR or the organisation to provide a blanket formula that will fit their unique needs. Managers cannot make employees engaged, but they can act as coaches to facilitate their team members' engagement journeys. Managers need to understand the unique interests, talents and aspirations of their employees, and then align these with specific organisational priorities and projects. Executives also have a specific and important role to play. Their focus must be on creating a culture that fuels engagement and business results. Senior teams must 'walk the talk' by demonstrating their own engagement, sharing their passion in candid, consistent communications† (HR Magazine 2013)

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Investigating the effect of caffeine concentration on the heart rate of Daphnia Introduction Daphnia, commonly known as water fleas, are tiny crustaceans which live in water. The diameter of adult female bodies is approximately 3-5 mm. The upper skeleton is transparent, making the internal organs visible. This allows the heart rate of the Daphnia to be calculated by observing them under a microscope. Background Caffeine occurs naturally in some plants such as coffee beans and tea leaves. Caffeine is also added to other beverages. Beverage containing caffeine (100ml) Amount of caffeine (mg) Caffeine per 1ml of beverage Coffee 55 0.55mg Tea 35 0.35mg Coca Cola 15 0.15mg Caffeine is medically known as trimethylzanthine. Caffeine acts as a cardiac stimulant which means that it increases heart rate. Adenosine is a natural chemical found in the body which binds to respective adenosine receptors in the sinoatrial node and slows down the activity of the nerve cells. Caffeine also binds to these receptors which results in the activity of these nerve cells to increase. Caffeine consumption also causes the adrenaline hormone to be released into the body, further increasing the speed of bodily functions. Caffeine also constricts blood vessels which is why some headache medicine and painkillers contain sources of caffeine. 2 cups of strong coffee has been shown to increase heart rate in humans by about 15 beats per minute. Hypothesis As the caffeine concentration increases, so does the heart rate of the daphnia. Prediction The prediction for this experiment is that the higher the concentration of the caffeine, the higher the heart rate in beats per minute. This is because caffeine acts as a stimulant, causing the adrenaline hormone b... ...d by the lamp being on cannot be easily controlled and could be a factor for the increasing heart rate. The heart rate may also increase as a result of the efforts of the Daphnia in escaping from the cavity slide due to limited water supply. Conclusion The results of the experiment indicate that the initial hypothesis was acceptable as the higher the caffeine concentration, the higher the heart rate of the Daphnia. The results do not show this link in all cases; this could be down to temperature rise because of the heat produced by the microscope lamp, leading to the heart rate of the Daphnia increasing. This could explain the results for the 0.2% caffeine concentration. To improve the accuracy of the results, the same person should conduct all of the experiments as different people may count the heart rate at different speeds, leading to variation in the results.

Baklava Process Paper

Abigail Andrews Dr. John R. Willey ENC1101 MW 10:30 13 November 2012 The Process of Baking Baklava Have you ever been at a Greek restaurant and eaten one of those deliciously flaky Baklava desserts? Do you wish you were able to make it at home for yourself or to bring to a potluck? I know that Baklava seems as if it should be an extremely difficult dish to prepare, but believe it or not it is surprisingly simple and easy. After reading this you should be confident and capable of preparing, baking, and serving the most delicate and savory dessert that will ever come from your oven.To begin, make sure you have all of the necessary ingredients: one pound of pecans, one teaspoon of cinnamon, a food processor, one 16oz thawed package of Phyllo dough, one can of aerosol butter spray, wet paper towels, a sharp knife, a 9Ãâ€"13 casserole dish, a medium size saucepan, one cup of water, one cup of white sugar, half a cup of honey, a teaspoon of vanilla, and a package of cupcake liners. Second ary, clean off the counters in the kitchen so there will be a sanitary and clutter free area to work on.Preheat the oven to 350* with the oven rack placed in the middle. Once you have prepared your kitchen you can get started on the recipe. First pour a pound of whole pecans and a teaspoon of cinnamon into the food processor and grind them to a fine chop. If you do not own a food processor you can purchase finely chopped pecans and hand mix the cinnamon into them; however, I do recommend the food processor method because you can chop the pecans to a nearly dust-like consistency. Set the cinnamon pecan blend aside while you start to prepare your dough.Keep in mind that this dough is the most delicate part of the recipe, but if handled quickly and carefully there should be no problems. After completely thawing a 16oz package of Phyllo dough, in the fridge overnight, open and unroll one of the two packages. If it does begin to dry out and break easily don’t fret; simply cover it with a slightly wet paper towel. Only work with one roll at a time; the thin layers of dough can dry out very quickly. Place two sheets of dough into a buttered 9Ãâ€"13 pan that is at least two inches tall.Completely cover the second sheet with spray butter. I have previously used melted butter and applied it with a brush, but the aerosol can works best; it is quicker and doesn’t tear the thin layers. Repeat that process until eight sheets are layered and buttered. On top of that eighth sheet of buttered dough evenly sprinkle three tablespoons of the cinnamon pecan blend. Gently place two more sheets down and butter them completely. Repeat the process of sprinkling the pecans and layering two sheets of buttered dough until there are only six sheets remaining.Prepare the last six pieces of dough in the same fashion as the bottom layers; two sheets than butter, two sheets than butter and so on until you have used all of the dough and the top layer has butter on it. Buttered f ingertips on your non-dominant hand may help keep the top layer of dough in place for this part. Using a very sharp knife carefully slice three times so there are four long rows. Some people make their baklava into squares but I prefer smaller triangles because it is such a sweet treat that one almost feels guilty devouring a large piece. To make triangles cut diagonally across the pan.Take great care to insure every piece is completely separated all the way down to the bottom most layer of dough. After all of the cuts have been made place the dish onto the middle rack of an oven that has been preheated to 350*. It should bake for about 50 minutes or until the top layer has a beautiful golden brown color. The sauce will need to be prepared while the baklava is baking, so it will be ready when you take the dish out of the oven. In a medium saucepan bring one cup of water and one cup of white sugar to a boil while stirring occasionally.Once the sugar has completely dissolved pour in h alf a cup of honey and a teaspoon of vanilla extract. Gently stir the mixture while it simmers for 20 minutes. Immediately after removing the golden baklava from the oven drizzle one tablespoon of sauce on each piece, cover all the dry spots with the remaining sauce. Allow the dessert to cool completely before transferring the flaky triangles into individual cupcake liners. Put a few pieces into Ziploc bags and freeze for a tasty treat another day or arrange them on a serving platter to share with friends.Be sure to leave them uncovered or they may become soggy overnight. You are now equipped with the knowledge to prepare a dish that will have people singing praise to your baking skills. As you can see this recipe is surprisingly easy to make with an amazing end product. Every time you make this dessert it will become easier and easier; which is good because once you share it with others they will be asking you to make it again and again. Remember, honey and pecans are healthy so fe el free to have another piece!

High School and Old Cassette Recorder Essay

My hobbies Almost everybody has some kind of hobby. My hobbies are listening to music , watching television and reading books. I am very fond of music. When I am free, I often listen to my favorite songs from an old cassette recorder. At weekends, I usually go to music shops in the downtown areas to buy good CDs. Of the famous pop singers, I prefer Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Madona and Paul MC Cartney. I also spend an hour after dinner watching news and documentary programmes. I particularly enjoy the program â€Å"The World Here and There† because it broadens my knowledge of nature and human civilizations. My favourite book is ‘’Treachery’’. Its author is Elxan Elatli. I think that my hobbies are very useful. They widen my knowledge, relax my mind, and make me feel better about myself. My favorite hobby is playing drums. I spend a lot of my free time playing drums. I started learning to play drums when I was 9 years old. I played in my school’s band. When I was 12, I got a private drum teacher and started to really enjoy playing. My parents bought me a drum set. An important event in my life There are so many events happened in my life and most of them consist to be an important part of my life. They are precious because I can learn much from them or sometimes they can make me feel better when I am sad. I think the event which influent me most is happened at my senior high school. When I was in my third grade of senior high school, I should choose the university and the major which I want to go on my further study after the college entrance examination. After the score came out, I chose doctoring as my first major. But my parents disagreed that strongly. Because I never said that I wanted to do something in the future relative with the medical career before. Both of them let me thought carefully because to be a doctor was very toilsome. Also, doctors always shift their work and they should go to work at night even. That’s a tired job. In addition, the process of being a doctor was difficult, too. My mother wanted me to be a teacher as her. At that time, I was so confuse that I didn’t know which one was suitable for me to choose. I knew what the advice my parents gave was good for me. I also knew my future was belongs me and I should make the choice by myself, not my parents. Maybe to be a teacher was good, but I didn’t like .After this event, I decided all over the things by myself. i chose the tourism. Like the debates, although sometimes our opinions are different, we communicate our thoughts and make the choice depend on our own. If we hesitate to do one thing and do not make up our mind, we can’t do the thing successfully

Interpersonal Communication Through URT Essay

Everyday we encounter people unknown to us. There are times when we are totally no interested in meeting and introducing ourselves to them. In certain situations we are forced or are voluntarily placing ourselves within there area of consciousness, like in a class or in our office, we disclose information about ourselves in order for a complacent relationship to transpire. This new connection will either grow or dissipate based on the disclosed information. Researchers say that interpersonal communication occurs only between two people who have known each other for quite some time (Borchers). This can be attributed to the contextual factors, such as psychological, relational and cultural, present in interpersonal discourses. The attainment of these factors signify that the two people conversing already know well of each other (King, 2000). At first, when we are asked by our late seatmate at first day of school who our professor is, or when we ask our office secretary who to call to fix a down network system, the interaction that occurs implies only an impersonal exchange between two people who ask for information because of external needs and is most likely to end that same moment. When you answer the above questions with â€Å"he’s the head of the department, we live in the same neighborhood† or â€Å"i know a little on systems troubleshooting but it isn’t my job, i’ll call one immediately,† the interaction introduces information related to the speaker and are affective to the receiver. This exchange becomes personal and may give way to a more gratifying relationship through following disclosures. These disclosures in turn reduces uncertainty, a considerably large blockage to a desirable relationship. Berger and Calabrese’ uncertainty reduction theory in 1975 presents steps on how we can achieve a fully ineractive personal relationship with other people. This theory explains why people tend to be information seekers and reduce the unpleasant effects of uncertainty in an introductory conversation and in the whole attainment of a relationship (Oregon State University). The theory discusses three stages of disclosure in interpersonal development. These stages are entry, personal, and exit (University of Twente). The interaction given above can be considered within the entry stage. By giving information on where you live or what your skills are(demographic), the receiver obtains also some point of conformity or agreement that sparks an interest for a relationship. Eventually we reveal our values, attitudes, and beliefs and we are taken now taken to the personal stage of disclosure. These somewhat â€Å"deeper† information suggest the existence of a relationship between two people. The exit stage relates to discourses on the shared values, beliefs, and attitudes which lead to actions or decisions where both interests are unified. Since interpersonal communication is based on two interrelated people’s discourses, this not specified only on verbal exchange, uncertainty reduction theory is an effective tool in determining interpersonal relationships and communications. By focusing on the information exchanged by two individuals we can predict the stage of their relationship – whether on entry, personal, or exit stage. Certainly, the information shared will not be as substantial in terms of personal relevance necessary for the attainment of interpersonal communication. Given the difficulty of initiating contact and conversation aimed at establishing a relationship, we are most likely to shy away and be frightened. If this happens, proceeding conversations are terminated. One basic method in squeezing out information from another person is to reveal your own personal information. Self-disclosure gives way to information not normally revealed through ordinary conversations. It requires an initiative to know and be known. Also, it is a way to know how the other people react and determine the topics under their interests. Furthermore, the voluntarily disclosure of personal information gives an impression of the willingness of a person in entering a relationship. In uncertainty reduction theory, self disclousre acts as the most effective way in removing the barriers of mistrust and non-complacency. By analyzing the information you reveal, one notices your values, beliefs, and emotional and moral tendecies accompanying your disclosures. These are considered to be a pattern for compatibility looked after by uncertain people. The situation above is common to almost everyone, given that the educated still dominate in number those who haven’t been to school or had work. I have experienced introducing myself to someone I am interested to. Most of the time I am replied with suspicion and mistrust which make me feel in need of proving myself. By self-disclosure I get their attention and know further what interests them and on fortunate times they react with personal disclosures too. Eventually the barrier of uncertainty dissipates and we are now getting ready for a more personal relationship. By reducing uncertainty we increase trust, thus more information is exchanged. Uncertainty reduction theory explains the systematic yet unsure disclosures toward interpersonal communication. Through complete understanding of the three concepts, uncertainty reduction, disclosure, and interpersonal communication, we can attain desirable relationships that can outlast time itself. References: Uncertainty Reduction Theory. 2006. Oregon State University. Retrieved 2 April 2008. http://oregonstate. edu/instruct/theory/ur.html King, Donnell. (2000). Four Principles of Interpersonal Communication. Pellissippi State Technical Community College. Retrieved 2 April 2008. http://www. pstcc. edu/ facstaff/dking/interpr. htm Borchers, Tim. (1999) Interpersonal Communication. Allyn & Bacon. Retrieved 2 April 2008. http://www. abacon. com/commstudies/interpersonal/interpersonal. html Uncertainty Reduction Theory. 2004. University of Twente. Retrieved 2 April 2008. http://www. tcw. utwente. nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Interpersonal

Counter-Productive Behavior Indexâ„¢

Counter-Productive Behavior Indexâ„ ¢ Every single day employees don't show for work, steal cash and inventory, surf the web, e-mail on company time, and disrupt the workplace. It is burning up billions of dollars of profits and inventory each and every year. The Counter-Productive Behavior Index (CBI) is a contemporary integrity test – a cost-effective screening procedure for identifying job applicants whose behavior, attitudes, and work-related values are likely to interfere with their success as employees. The CBI consists of an objective questionnaire with 140 true/false items that can be completed by the job applicant in about 15 minutes. CBI is a self-scoring assessment available in both English and Spanish. The candidate completes a questionnaire which is then scored within seconds by the hiring manager or assistant. A manager's interview question guide is available. (Free with the first purchase). NEW! An online version called Candid Clues is available too. Candid Clues generates an objective report addressing degree of potential concern about the six major areas identified below, a measure of overall or total concern, and an assessment of self-serving response bias. Counter-Productive Behavior Index is the most cost-effective pre-employment screening test to identify high-risk and disruptive work-related attitudes and behaviors: †¢Employee Dependability †¢Honesty †¢Substance Abuse †¢Computer Abuse †¢Workplace Aggression †¢Sexual Harassment CBI is the perfect solution for all size businesses. Saves time and money. How CBI Works The basic meaning of the scores are as follows: Dependability Concerns. Low scorers are dependable, conscientious, and reliable. High scorers can be undependable, careless, lazy, and disorganized. Aggression Concerns. Low scorers handle their feelings well and are unlikely to be disruptive. High scorers can be aggressive, hostile, disruptive, and have poor control of their anger. Substance Abuse Concerns. Low scorers have no problems with alcohol and/or illegal drugs. High scorers report substantial use of alcohol and/or illegal drugs and may be disruptive. Honesty Concerns. Low scorers have no problem with workplace dishonesty. High scorers have the potential for dishonest behavior in the workplace. Computer Abuse Concerns. Low scorers use their workplace computers only for work-related uses. High scorers use their computers in ways that are unrelated to their work activities or are disruptive to their work. Sexual Harassment Concerns. Low scores are unlikely to engage in sexual harassment at work. High scorers have attitudes and behaviors regarding sexuality that are likely to be considered as harassment by the opposite sex. Overall Concerns. Low scorers report few instances of workplace deviance. High scorers report a wide range of deviant behaviors in the workplace and are likely to be problematic employees. (The Overall Concerns score is included in order to help identify applicants whose individual scale scores might all fall below the cutting score for inclusion in the Concern category, but whose total score does identify them as worthy of special attention. It is important to note that high Overall scores still require a close examination of the six individual scale scores. ) Good Impression. Low scorers are open about acknowledging their normal faults and imperfections. High scorers deny normal shortcomings and exaggerate personal virtues, suggesting that their scores on the other scales may be artificially depressed by their efforts to make a good impression. Scores on this scale can be used to determine the degree of confidence that should be placed in the remainder of the profile.

“Kite Runner” response text analyses Essay

â€Å"The Kite Runner† tells us, through Rahkim Khan that, â€Å"True redemption is when guilt leads to good again†¦ † Rahkim Khan states. Throughout the course of The Kite Runner there are many characters that have committed sins and subsequently attempted to redeem themselves. The Kite Runner structured around main characters, Amir and Baba and their acts of betrayal. The impact of these acts continues to be felt throughout the novel manifesting itself in Amirs guilt ridden narrative. However, guilt is not enough. The need for redemption and atonement is what these characters seek. â€Å"There is away to be good again† the kite runner shows that this is along painful but ultimately positive journey. Amir’s feelings of guilt spring from incidents of betrayal throughout his childhood. Since 1975 when Amir watched as Hassan was raped in an alleyway by Assef, â€Å"I ran because I was coward. I was afraid of Assef and what he would do to me† Amir feels guilty for his cowardice s but it was not fear that drove him away the real reason Amir ran was Baba. Amir was so envious of Baba and Hassan’s friendship that he thought Assef was right. â€Å"Maybe Hassan was the price I had to pay the lamb I had to slay to win Baba†¦. He was just a Hazara wasn’t he? † This event not only affected Hassan and Amirs friend ship but still made Amir highly jealous of Babas concern for Hassan, † ‘I haven’t seen much of Hassan in the last few days’ Baba said†¦ I couldn’t help hating the way his brow furrowed with worry† Amir’s selfish personality handy caps his chance to be good again and redeem himself for the past. Amir places Hassan in the position to be framed and sets him up for theft of Amirs birthday presents, this incident clearly shows that Amir approaches atonement the wrong way. â€Å"I lifted Hassan’s mattress and planted my new watch and a handful of afghani bills under it†¦ then I knocked on babas door and told what I hoped would be the last in a long line of shameful lies. † Hassan’s loyalty leads to Ali and his departure to grant Amirs wish, â€Å"I wanted Baba all to myself† Amir’s actions changed his and Baba’s life forever. Amir has stolen his father’s right to a best friend, his relationship with his hidden son and taken away Ali and Hassan’s job and security within their family. In many respects, Amir’s adult personality is now the direct result of this childhood, feelings of guilt and betrayal. Amir attempts to redeem himself by planting money in Fahibs family house â€Å"I did something I had done 26 years earlier: I planted a fistful of crumpled money under a mattress. † He also tries to ally his feelings of guilt by taking Sohrab out of Afghanistan and back to America, the way he should have done with Hassan. In All Amirs efforts, he does become a better person once he is situated in America however he doesn’t redeem himself for what he did as a child. Nothing will, â€Å"It didn’t make everything all right, it didn’t make everything all right†. Amir is not all to blame for his insecurity and lack of self-esteem, this personality is the result of Baba’s bad parenting. â€Å"If I hadn’t seen the doctor pull him out of my wife with my own eyes, I’d never believe he’s my son. † Baba is not a supporting father towards Amir or Hassan. Throughout the book, Baba tries to redeem and atone himself for neglecting a secret child. He attempts to achieve this by raising Hassan equality to Amir however by doing this it disallows Baba to be close to Amir as feelings of guilt towards Hassan arise; hence taking the right to a loving family away from Amir and Hassan, for not speaking the truth. Baba’s betrayal is directed at Ali for sleeping with his wife. â€Å"There’s only one sin†¦ and that is theft. Every other sin is a variation of theft† Baba illustrates his deduction to atone for his actions using his wealth he builds and orphanage for illegitimate or orphaned children. Baba feeds the poor with his ceremonial lamb money. Baba also using his courage and urge to fight for what is right this is evident when he protects the afghani women in chapter ten from the Russian soldier, â€Å"†¦ ill take a thousand of his bullets before I let this indecency take place. † Baba’s decision to abandon home and his country are a evident sign of sacrifice to secure Amir’s long-term welfare and happiness. His attempts of redemption and atonement to be good again result in his feelings of achievement the day that he dies. â€Å"Tonight I am much too happy† If â€Å"The Kite Runner† tells us anything it is that redemption is a life long task, through which a person seeks to become â€Å"Good Again. † A person needs to forgive themselves of their sins and absolve them of guilt in order to go on living their lives. Throughout the corse of ‘The kite Runner’, we learn that guilt is not enough. To be good again is more than the journey of redemption and atonement it is the destination.

Pros of technology in society Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Pros of technology in society - Term Paper Example However, human have normal tendencies of failures and shortcomings due to imperfection and limitations. Legal and ethical aspects of computer technology were not able to keep up with the rapid race of technology, that tend to create social, legal and ethical concerns that considered important aspects of our lives. Even then, this paper will discuss that technology being weighed against its cons, is still considerably a blessing to human society. Technology: A Blessing Introduction The world’s lifestyles have always undergone change. Largely because technology has sparked a continuous revolution that had a profound effect on human society. What was innovative in yesterday is redundant today, and what is trendy today will be obsolete tomorrow. However, rapid changes on technology have a marked impact in the business world, medical advances, education field, and social life, as well. Imagine having at your fingertips a collection of literature that would rival some of the worldâ €™s greatest libraries. Imagine millions of articles and similar items from thousands of books, magazines, newspapers, and other works that would fit on your desk. Students and educators benefited a lot. Even medical researchers can assimilate updated information at a glance. Imagine the comfort and convenience of electronic emails to business entities. Aside from the convenience and comfort, this advancement on technology creates a productive human society. But despite of these benefits on advancing technology, legal and ethical aspects of the internet are not able to keep pace with rapid revolution of technology that tend to create social, legal and ethical concerns that deals with â€Å"protection of intellectual property, prevention of fraud, protection of freedom of expression versus problems of defamation, protection of privacy, control of internet indecency versus free speech, and control of spamming† (â€Å"Study Guide: Legal and Ethical Aspects†, n.d, intr oduction section, para.1). Likewise, an article entitled â€Å"Social and ethical issues in computer science†(n.d), described computer technology as a double-edged sword because of the technological issues on potential dilemma of loss of privacy and theft besides its significant industrial revolution (p.2). Absolutely, there is no perfect technology. Since, the rapid computer revolution has overtaken the development of legal and ethical aspects that supposed to guide the application of computer innovations, there are only few clear rules that govern ethical computer behavior. Therefore, Computer and Information Ethics, or computer ethics, in a more specific term, is being designated as the branch of applied ethics that studies and analyzes social and ethical impacts of information and communication technology, and may also refer to kind of professional ethics wherein computer professionals apply standards of good practice within their profession (Computer and Information ethi cs, 2008). However, despite the risk that technology offers, at present, the main thrust of research` seems to focus on continuous improvement of technology that is already available. Most often, successive steps in technology are revolutionary and bring improvements that are hundreds of times better. Technical Issues According to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2008), American scholar Norbert Wiener was the founder of the new branch of applied science of â€Å"cybernetics† in the mid 1940s, which is now known to us as â€Å"

Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Corporate strategy - Essay Example rter’s Five Forces, PESTLE Analysis, SWOT Analysis and Stakeholder Analysis to obtain an in-depth idea regarding the opportunities of the company to prosper in its industry (Johnson & et. al., 2011). Cookson Group PLC is one of the world’s largest ‘materials science group’ which attempts to deliver advanced materials by facilitating innovative technologies to its customers all over the globe. Cookson operates through various branches located all over the world along with 15,500 employees covering more than 40 nations as its production zones and more than 100 countries as its marketing zones. Cookson can be observed to possess highly effective core competencies, which have certainly added to its efficient market position within the current market scenario (Cookson Group Plc, 2012; Wit & Meyer, 2010). Cookson offers its products in six categories; i.e., Joining technologies, surface Chemistries, steel flow control, foundry technologies, advanced factories and fused silica. Cookson is further recognized as one of the largest worldwide suppliers of materials used for PCBs assemblers and the packaging industry semi-conductors. This particular product line is also known as Alpha which is used basically to fasten electronic equipments such as semi-conductors and capacitors with bare boards in order to form essential electrical as well as physical connection among the boards and its devices (Cookson Group Plc, 2012). The product line of surface chemistries is one of the largest suppliers of ‘electro-plating chemicals’ to the international electronics, jewelries and automotive industries. This division is known as ‘Ethone’. This division is also quite popular in terms of technical innovation, where ‘Ethone’ has a track record regarding the delivery of ‘leading-edge’, facility of advanced technology within fabrication of semi-conductor which is demonstrated as ‘Via-Form multi-generation copper damascene portfolio’ (Cookson Group Plc,

Robert Frost-Range Finding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Robert Frost-Range Finding - Essay Example In this poem, he describes intricate details of his thoughts and experiences concerning his love for nature and the beauty of the earth. It is a vivid description of the battle within the human soul, regarding the gentle side and the wrong side. It has few line breaks, and the poem has relatively long lines of almost equal words. The poem has a simple rhyme scheme (abbaabba ccedeed). This rhyme scheme has a relaxed and laid back feeling to it, and it resonates throughout the whole poem. The poem organization is of very even structure and has no irregular breaks or ends. It has a flow, which is predictable and easy to catch onto. The poem has a mixture of normal English and the traditional English with words such as "Oernight" and "Twixt" which fall under the old English form of traditional ancient Britain. It has no set rhyme scheme and follows a natural course of well thought out words. The poem does not follow the Standard English syntax and diction and uses a mixture of the old and the new. This is used to add diversity and originality to the piece. It is also evident that the poem does not follow any traditional rhyming but rather it is free flowing, and it has no set rhyme pattern of words. The song also features imagery and symbolism with the use of individual objects or creatures to represent hidden meanings. In this context, the butterfly and the bullet represent certain criteria, as well as other objects and creatures. This form of literature provokes the artist to think and reflect over the poem with the aim of understanding the reason for the writing of the poem. The poem also employs the use of suspense as it ends on an anti-climax, leaving the reader yearning for more and wondering what could have transpired afterward. The heading of the poem, "Range Finding" means the shot that is used to determine the accuracy of a gun over a certain distance. This phrase is used in this particular context to emphasize the effects of the

Hospitality Management Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Hospitality Management Industries - Essay Example Hospitality management is known as the oldest services provided by human beings. The industry was replacing its older ways with newer techniques and ideas slowly and gradually; however, Isadore Sharp’s ideas brought a drastic change in this industry that are: Before Isadore’s era, medium sized hotels were not that lavish and weren’t also rendering exceptional services. However, Isadore helped changing this mindset that exceptional services can only be rendered by large hotels. Therefore, since then, medium sized hotels and resorts are also trying to provide exceptional services and thus, increasing their customer base and revenue. Isadore, by his ideas of exceptional services bought another change in the industry that people should always get the same level of satisfaction from the hotel. Therefore, hotels and resorts have to keep maintaining their short term and long term strategies all over the year. Gift card is another incomparable and unique service provided by Four Season to their customer. It helps one to buy a gift card for their loved ones, which is redeemable worldwide at any Four Season hotel for overnight stay, dining experiences, spa treatment and other services that are